What is the use-of-force continuum in CPO practice?

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The use-of-force continuum describes a structured ladder of options an officer can use, starting with presence and verbal commands and progressing through soft techniques, hard techniques, and, as a last resort, more restrictive measures up to potentially lethal force. Each step is intended to be used only as necessary and proportionate to the level of resistance and risk encountered, with a strong emphasis on de-escalation whenever possible and on remaining within policy and legal requirements. This framework helps officers make deliberate, accountable decisions rather than relying on a single default action or ignoring policy. In CPO practice, applying the continuum means assessing the scene, using the lowest effective option to gain cooperation or control, and escalating or de-escalating as the situation evolves while prioritizing safety for all involved.